Kalamang
[aka Karas Laut (Seaside Karas), Kalamang-mang]Classification: Trans-New Guinea
·severely endangered
Classification: Trans-New Guinea
·severely endangered
Karas Laut (Seaside Karas), Kalamang-mang |
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Trans-New Guinea, West Bomberai |
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ISO 639-3; Glottolog |
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kgv; kara1499 |
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As csv |
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Information from: “A grammar of Kalamang: The Papuan language of the Karas Islands” . Eline Visser (2020)
419
56
No one born after 1990 can be counted as a fluent speaker, and it is rare for them to have two fluent Kalamang-speaking parents.
Papuan Malay
Bahasa Indonesia
Uruangnirin
Geser-Gorom
Muna
Javanese
Exogamy is commonly practiced, particularly Kalamang men marrying women from Java, the Moluccas, Sulawesi, the other Karas Islands.
Kalamang does not have a written tradition. Kalamang words, texts, and social media posts are written with Indonesian orthography.
Information from: “Australia and the Pacific” (424-557) . Stephen A Wurm (2007) Routledge
More recent estimates place the speaker number closer to 100.
Iha
Indonesian
Spoken on Karas Island, off the southwest coast of the Bomberai Peninsula, which is south of Bird’s Head Peninsula. The island is southeast of Fakfak.
Information from: “Personal Communication on Karas” . Eline Visser (2019)
300
50
Speaker numbers as displayed here are unpublished (but see Eline Visser's forthcoming PhD thesis, A grammar of Kalamang). Info on other aspects discussed here can be found in Eline Visser's MA thesis: Visser, E. (2016). A grammar sketch of Kalamang with a focus on phonetics and phonology (Master's thesis).
Indonesian
Geser-Gorom
Uruangnirin
Iha is not used as a trade language by Kalamang speakers. Many people claim to speak/understand neighbouring Uruangnirin, but any extensive communication (e.g. marriage negotiations) will be in Indonesian.
No official orthography is used, but people generally apply Indonesian spelling rules.
Maas and Antalisa villages, the biggest of the Karas islands, West-Bomberai- Fakfak regency, West Papua province, Indonesia.
Sources |
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Isbn | Series | Month | Edition | Num | Year | Title | Booktitle | Pages | Note | Editor | Howpublished | Publisher | Journal | Volume | Address | Institution | Chapter | Translator | School | Url | Author | Free Text Citation | Copied From | Older Adults | Ethnic Population | Young Adults | Private Comment | Speaker Number Text | Date Of Info | Speaker Number | Public Comment | Semi Speakers | Elders | Second Language Speakers | Domains Other Langs | Other Languages Used | Private Comment | Government Support | Speaker Attitude | Public Comment | Institutional Support | Number Speaker Other Languages | Endangerment Level | Transmission | Private Comment | Public Comment | Domains Of Use | Speaker Number Trends | Private Comment | Public Comment | Places | Description | Coordinates |
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SOURCE: “Australia and the Pacific” (424-557) . Stephen A Wurm (2007) Routledge |
SOURCE: “Personal Communication on Karas” . Eline Visser (2019) |
SOURCE: “A grammar of Kalamang: The Papuan language of the Karas Islands” . Eline Visser (2020) |
16 | 2009 | Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009) | M. Paul Lewis | SIL International | Dallas, TX | http://www.ethnologue.com/ | Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.) | ll_pub | 240 | 1983 | 100-999 | (1983 SIL) | Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Indonesia; | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd | 2010 | Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger | UNESCO Publishing | Paris | http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas | Christopher Moseley (ed.) | Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.) | ll_pub | 100 | 100-999 | Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | -3.4585,132.6599 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
070071197X | 3 | 1 | 2007 | Australia and the Pacific | Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages | 424-557 | Routledge | Abingdon | Stephen A Wurm | Wurm, Stephen A. 2007. Australia and the Pacific. In Christopher Moseley, Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn., 424-557. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X | ll_pub | 200 | 1978 | 100-999 | More recent estimates place the speaker number closer to 100. | Iha, Indonesian | Endangered (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 13 | Indonesia: Irian Jaya | Spoken on Karas Island, off the southwest coast of the Bomberai Peninsula, which is south of Bird’s Head Peninsula. The island is southeast of Fakfak. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2019 | Personal Communication on Karas | Eline Visser | 300 | 130 | 2019 | 100-999 | Speaker numbers as displayed here are unpublished (but see Eline Visser's forthcoming PhD thesis, A grammar of Kalamang). Info on other aspects discussed here can be found in Eline Visser's MA thesis: Visser, E. (2016). A grammar sketch of Kalamang with a focus on phonetics and phonology (Master's thesis). | 50 | 10 | Indonesian for all contact with outsiders, people from mixed families (from Goromese or Uruangnirin-speaking villages) speak that with part of their family | Indonesian, Geser-Gorom, Uruangnirin | Positive or neutral | Iha is not used as a trade language by Kalamang speakers. Many people claim to speak/understand neighbouring Uruangnirin, but any extensive communication (e.g. marriage negotiations) will be in Indonesian. | All | Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 13 | 12 | 14 | Indonesia | Maas and Antalisa villages, the biggest of the Karas islands, West-Bomberai- Fakfak regency, West Papua province, Indonesia. | -3.454537, 132.686683 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2020 | A grammar of Kalamang: The Papuan language of the Karas Islands | Lund, Sweden | Centre for Languages and Literature | Lund University | https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/87549524/Visser_Eline_2020_A_grammar_of_Kalamang_the_Papuan_language_of_the_Karas_Islands.pdf | Eline Visser | Visser, E. (2020). A grammar of Kalamang: The Papuan language of the Karas Islands. Lund University. | 419 | 134 | 2019 | 100-999 | No one born after 1990 can be counted as a fluent speaker, and it is rare for them to have two fluent Kalamang-speaking parents. | 56 | Papuan Malay, Bahasa Indonesia, Uruangnirin, Geser-Gorom, Muna, Javanese | There is neither shame, taboo, nor pride in using their language, just a neutral attitude. Speakers occasionally express regret that their children don't speak Kalamang, and blame the children for being too stupid to learn it. | Exogamy is commonly practiced, particularly Kalamang men marrying women from Java, the Moluccas, Sulawesi, the other Karas Islands. | Severely Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 15 | 13 | 13 | Spoken in the villages of Mas (Sewa) and Antalisa (Tamisen) on Kalamang lempuang, the biggest of the Karas Islands in Sebakor Bay just off the coast of Bomberai Peninsula of western New Guinea | -3.2940,132.4153 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
World Oral Literature Project | http://www.oralliterature.org | "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org. | 100 | 100-999 | Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) |