Christian Carrara

A very good panel with Calogena and Newcleo to discuss the key role of Nuclear une the energy transition. All scenarios for energy consumption compatible with net zero are predicting a dramatic increase of the share of electricity in the energy mix up to 50%. Decabinization of an electric mix requires dispatchable low carbon energy sources. For the time being only a mix including nuclear and hydropower may support this kind of transition in a safe and affordable way. Still 50% of the energy consumption will not be electric and again nuclear might be a good solution to provide low carbon heat whenever it is required. Small and large reactors are a key pillars to decarbonize the energy mix and support a net zero approach by 20250.

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Solar has not added enough capacity or power production to significantly impact global energy. Solar, Wind, and Peak Oil. 1. Despite the impressive number of new Wind and Solar plants & their gigawatts of energy, they have only supplied 45 Exajoules of energy in the last 27 years, averaging 1.7 exajoules per year. 2. To put this into perspective, each exajoule equals 174 million barrels of oil. Until Wind, solar, and renewables can grow energy by 9.4 exajoules per year for the next 26 years and have an electricity generation capacity of approximately 250 to 300 exajoules of energy by 2050, the "energy transition" will never replace peak oil. 3. From 1997, the year of the Kyoto Protocol, to 2022, the world's dependence on fossil fuels has grown significantly, as energy use of crude oil has increased by 180 exajoules, a staggering figure. This stark reality underscores the fact that the demand for crude and coal has yet to peak. 4. Wind power uses 500 tons of materials per Megawatt [MW]. It typically achieves a maximum of 33% realized energy as a percentage of capacity, w/ an average of 28% [US]. This is compared to a gas turbine, which operates at 60% utilization & only uses 30 tons of materials per MW, including minerals and copper. A move less efficient, 5. The production of wind turbines will challenge the world's ability to mine copper, neodymium, & praseodymium, as China dominates the rare earth metals market, and deal with solar and wind turbine waste. This transition represents a shift from efficient on-demand power to less efficient, intermittent power. 7. Solar is an environmental disaster for its waste. https://lnkd.in/gSjaPQyc 8. China increased its use of crude oil from 5 million barrels per day in 2011 to 11.3 million barrels per day in 2023, representing a rise in energy use from 10.49 exajoules [EJ]to 23.7 EJ. This reflects China's growing reliance on fossil fuels, driven by its rapid industrialization & economic growth. This means oil demand has not peaked.   9. Additionally, China's coal use has grown from 22 exajoules [EJ] in 1998 to 88 EJ by 2022, an increase of 400%. India's coal use has grown from 457 million tons, or 13.39 EJ. to 1155 million tons in 2023, or 33.77 EJ, an increase of 252%. Globally, coal consumption has increased from 4.4 billion tons, or 129 EJ of global energy, to over 8 billion tons by 2023, or 234 EJ, an increase of 181%. 10. Just accounting for coal and crude, the increase in exajoules of fossil fuels consumed is 180 exajoules for crude oil and 105 [234-129] for coal, an increase of 295 EJ.    Article on peak oil: https://lnkd.in/gE_mwmp8. Facts from Vaclav Smil, report on Achieving Net Zero, 2024. I formed a group on Electricity Generation Worldwide, https://lnkd.in/graRy4uz

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𝐓𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐚'𝐬 𝐀𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐇𝐲𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐠𝐞𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐲: 𝐏𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐚 𝐒𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒊𝒄 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒑: Tunisia inks a deal with a TotalEnergies-backed JV and Verbund for a gigawatt-scale hydrogen project aimed at Central Europe. 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑻𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒕𝒔: Aiming for 8.3 million tonnes of green hydrogen annually by 2050, with 6.3 million tonnes designated for export, mainly to Europe. 𝑷𝒊𝒑𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑽𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏: The SoutH2 corridor will connect Tunisia and Algeria to Italy, Austria, and Germany, facilitating hydrogen supply to the EU by 2030. #GreenHydrogen #Sustainability #RenewableEnergy #Tunisia #EnergyTransition #HydrogenEconomy

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🚨New #hydrogen #hydrogène plant in #bourgognefranchecomteRégion Bourgogne-Franche-Comté #solid #storage #greentech #efficiency #transitionenergetique #energytransition

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Simple actions can have significant effects.

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What’s going on in France? 🧐 Once again, France has become a target country for the global renewable market. During last years, France has been involved in the upgrade of its grid code and Clients keep asking us about the latest requirements.   Although manufacturers keep thinking the Arrêté du 23 avril 2008 is still valid, the latest version of the standard was published in June 2020: “Arrêté du 9 juin 2020 relatif aux prescriptions techniques de conception et de fonctionnement pour le raccordement aux réseaux d’électricité. 4 août 2020+A1:2021” adapting the requirements to the publication from 2008 of version Arrêté du 23 avril 2008 with some of the following changes: 🔸 LVRT. Voltage depth is higher and reactive current injection is required in the new standard. 🔸 Operation field. Some parameters change from the previous version. 🔸 Reconnection. Some parameters change from the previous version   #France #GridCode #GenerationUnits #standards #testing #certification

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As the Science Based Targets initiative validates Orange’s greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, I’d like to congratulate all of Orange's CSR teams for their ambitious commitment to drastically reducing the group’s carbon footprint to reach Net Zero by 2040. Net Zero Carbon in 2040 means that Orange's net emissions will be zero from 2040 onwards through the combination of reducing emissions across the three scopes (including our value chain, suppliers and use of the products sold) and sequestering residual emissions in carbon sinks Indeed, the approach must be validated by an independent third party. The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) serves as a corporate climate action organization, empowering companies and financial institutions globally to contribute to the fight against the climate crisis. It is an independent Third party that has the advantage of being internationally authoritative. It was founded by the CDP, United Nations Global Compact, World Resources Institute and WWF. If your organization hasn’t checked them out already, please do so… the more get validated the closer we all get to Net Zero! In this case, Orange has obtained SBTi validation on the telecom sector trajectory meaning that the SBTi verified that the proposed short-term (2025 for Orange), medium-term (2030 for Orange) and Net Zero (2040 for Orange) reduction trajectory is compatible with the Paris Agreement, i.e. a temperature increase of 1.5°C. This is a great recognition of the work of the Orange teams because it shows that their ambitions are based on scientific requirements. There is much to do ahead as it is now Orange’s job to build a transition plan to follow this trajectory in collaboration with their suppliers & customers. Keep up the great work Team Orange! #NetZero #Collaboration #Co2Reduction #Transformation #RSE #Durabilité #environment #CircularEconomy #Reuse #Telecommunication #Network #Impact #Regrnerate #CSR #ESG

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🏚 🌞 ⚡ ♨ 💚 🔄 📢 Tomorrow, #EXCESS partner DualSun Laetitia Brottier will present their #innovative "hybrid #PVT solutions for #solar #heat and #electricity generation on limited roof spaces". Join us from 10:00-11:00.. 👨‍💻 This online training will introduce the dual #solar #Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) collectors, developed by DualSun. The PVT collectors combine photovoltaic (PV) and #solar #thermal technology into one single system for simultaneous #electricity + #heat generation. The collectors installed at two demonstration #buildings with limited roof spaces in #Helsinki (Finland) and #Hasselt (Belgium) were critical for the test buildings to generate more energy than they consume in a year and reach a Positive Energy Building (#PEB) status. These and further potential use cases will be subject of the training with focus on their potential to cover Domestic Hot Water (DHW) production, the possibility for coupling with ground source #heatpumps and as single source for #water to water heat pumps. Aim of this online training is to provide: *The technical basis for PVT and main use cases *Practical insights from the real-life use cases *Replication potential and conditions The training is useful for energy experts, as well as for most actors along the building and construction value chain, students, but also city planners, building owners and interested citizens (e.g. energy communities). 👉 More information and registration: https://lnkd.in/dYVUTW5u

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Europe's Solar Struggle Against China 🌍☀️ ☀️Once a symbol of Europe's renewables ambition, French solar-panel company Photowatt now teeters on the edge, outmatched by Chinese competition. Chinese Dominance: ☀️Chinese imports now control over 95% of Europe's solar-panel market, undercutting local producers with rock-bottom prices. ☀️Fierce Competition: Photowatt's orders dwindle as European buyers opt for cheaper Chinese panels, prompting French government bailouts to keep the company afloat. 🌍Global Concerns: The rise of China's green industries sparks fears in the West, with the U.S. and Europe wary of relying on a geopolitical rival for critical technologies. 🌍Trade Tensions: U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen presses Beijing to curb subsidies for green manufacturers, aiming to prevent a repeat of past industry decimation. 🌍European Response: EU probes Chinese subsidies in solar and wind sectors, aiming to safeguard local industries and prevent overreliance on imports. Renewed Efforts: Macron's government announces incentives to revive solar-panel production in France, signaling a commitment to domestic manufacturing. As Europe grapples with the challenge of balancing global competition and domestic industry, the fate of Photowatt reflects larger tensions in the green economy. 🇪🇺🇨🇳 #SolarPower #Renewables #TradeTensions #EUIndustry  #ClimateAction #CarbonReduction #SustainabilityGoals #DrAlaaInsights #mobility #cleanenergy #electrification

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France may lower FIT threshold for rooftop PV from 500 kW to 100 kW: The French authorities might be poised to lower the feed-in tariff (FIT) threshold for rooftop PV from 500 kW to 100 kW. France’s Direction générale de l'énergie et du climat (DGEC) says the proposed measure is designed to reduce the expense of the FIT scheme, despite opposition from trade groups such as Enerplan and SER. #Renewables #Energy #Technology

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Interesting work by the French National Solar Energy Institute to produce a low carbon footprint PV module. “For a standard PV module, we identify the main steps to improve in order to reduce its environmental footprint,” the research team said. “This guided us to tackle the components with the highest impact on the carbon footprint, namely the wafer, glass front sheet and aluminum frame.” The work highlights some of the key areas where carbon reductions can be achieved, starting with low carbon polysilicon from the likes of Hemlock Semiconductor, WACKER and REC Silicon and low carbon wafer production such as NorSun, NexWafe and Qcells North America, as well as low carbon cells from producers like Meyer Burger Technology AG as well as perovskite tandem cells being developed by CubicPV Inc. and Oxford PV. The researchers note that virgin aluminum frames are a large source of carbon footprint, and alternatives like the wood used in this example, or more commercially applicable innovations like Origami Solar's frames from recycled steel and Solarge's frames made from recycled bio-based polymers can play a big role in reducing carbon footprint. Note that some east Asian producers are also using steel frames, but unless that steel uses high levels of recycled content and comes from electric arc furnace mini-mills the carbon reduction is limited. They also note the role of glass in carbon footprint. Their solution of very thin glass likely lacks commercial application as the industry struggles to deal with increasing wind and hail damage, and finding other ways to reduce the carbon footprint of glass are important, such as Solarge's polymer based cover and the recycled PV glass being developed by SOLARCYCLE. There is growing interest in low carbon PV, and a variety of ways to reduce the carbon footprint of PV products. There is a corresponding growing number of low carbon claims. However, not all claims, like all solar, are created equal, and unless those claims are backed up by transparent criteria and methodologies with strong third party verification they may not be what they appear to be. That is why we encourage buyers to look to well established, industry standard based methodologies with detailed requirements and intensive independent third party scrutiny like the EPEAT standard/ecolabel for solar.

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Wood is an essential source of energy! 🪵 There are 3 major advantages with the timber industry: 👉 It's a local 📍 energy 👉 It's a renewable ♻️ energy 👉 It's one of the cheapest forms of energy at the moment 💶 7 million wood burning appliances in France provide a huge amount of the required power in France to keep homes warm in winter! 👌💡❄️🏠🌡️☑️

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European demand for #greenhydrogen is expected to be eight times lower than the objectives set by the European Union for 2030, underlines the CEA (The French Energies and Atomic Energy Commission). An observation highlighted by the CEO of TotalEnergies during the World Economic Forum at the end of April. Arcelor Mittal itself announced that it wanted to abandon green hydrogen in its European steelworks, despite the billions of euros in subsidies received for the transition. One of the issues is the business model, which is not yet set. The water sector can also produce green hydrogen. Do we have a better vision and prospective outlook?

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