feat(badge): Add support for M3 small badges

[amysorto]

Feature Description

Right now the badge component just shows the equivalent to what is considered a large badge in the M3 badge specs, the badge contains label text like an item count.

The M3 specs also show a badge that is slightly smaller with has no space for any label text, just meant to convey a unread notification. This is currently not supported in the library.

Use Case

No response

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