[make] Clang on Linux

[OPNA2608]

Describe the bug

1. The build system has GNU's g++ hardcoded in several places. That is to say, CC is unconditionally redefined as g++ and some non-standardized variables like magic_CC, magic_CXX and CPP are used for compilation
2. A Clang-compiled binary crashes with SIGILL. Several non-error warnings during compilation indicate that there are many functions with a declared return type that don't return any value, which generates an ud2 instruction, which causing the aforementioned illegal instruction signal to be emitted.

To Reproduce
Steps to reproduce the behavior:
1)

1. Attempt to compile ST on Linux without GCC
2. Errors out very quickly on g++: command not found
4. Use the 0001 patch i posted on the discord server. Additionally pass magic_CC=$CC magic_CXX=$CXX to make (assuming both default to their clang equivalents)
5. Build succeeds and binaries are being generated
6. Running either of them results in a SIGILL

Expected behavior

1. Free choice of compiler, no matter the platform's default / common option
2. Working binaries with Clang

Screenshots

Desktop (please complete the following information):

• OS: Linux [NixOS 20.09 (Nightingale) x86_64]
• Version v0.2.0

Additional context
Discussed on the Discord server, WIP patches sent there.