Story of Internet...
Key Layers of the internet.
Content | Search Engine | Browsers | World Wide Web | Internet | Networks | Computers
Content
- Early Milestones: 1971 - email | Ray Tomlinson
Raymond Samuel Tomlinson (April 23, 1941 – March 5, 2016) was a pioneering American computer programmer who implemented the first email program on the ARPANET system, the precursor to the Internet, in 1971; he is internationally known and credited as the inventor of email.
- Milestones: 1988 - HyperCard | Bill Atkinson
HyperCard is an early (1986) Macintosh application that enables users to author hypertext pages, called cards, without any programming knowledge. A set of cards, called a stack, can be linked together to allow readers to navigate through the stack in a non-linear manner by clicking on buttons or objects associated with an action script. It also inspired HTTP, JavaScript and the idea of a wiki.
Search Engine
- Early Milestones: 1990 - Archie | Alan Emtage & Peter Deutsch
Archie is a tool for indexing FTP archives, allowing people to find specific files. It is considered to be the first Internet search engine.
- Milestones: 1998 - Google | Sergey Brin & Larry Page
Browsers
- Early Milestones: 1986 - DOS Houdini | Neil Larsen
In 1984, expanding on ideas from futurist Ted Nelson, Neil Larson's commercial DOS Maxthink outline program added angle bracket hypertext jumps (adopted by later web browsers) to and from ASCII, batch, and other Maxthink files up to 32 levels deep. In 1986, he released his DOS Houdini knowledge network program that supported 2500 topics cross-connected with 7500 links in each file along with hypertext links among unlimited numbers of external ASCII, batch, and other Houdini files, these capabilities were included in his then popular shareware DOS file browser programs HyperRez (memory resident) and PC Hypertext (which also added jumps to programs, editors, graphic files containing hot spots jumps, and cross-linked thesaurus/glossary files). These programs introduced many to the browser concept and 20 years later, Google still lists 3,000,000 references to PC Hypertext. In 1989, Larson created both HyperBBS and HyperLan.
- Milestones: 1993 - Mosaic | Marc Andreessen
NCSA Mosaic, or simply Mosaic, is the web browser that popularized the World Wide Web and the Internet.
World Wide Web
- Early Milestones: Works of Vannevar Bush, Douglas Engelbart & Ted Nelson.
All major histories of what we now call hypertext start in 1945, when Engineer Vannevar Bush wrote an article in The Atlantic Monthly called "As We May Think", about a futuristic device he called a Memex.
Douglas Engelbart in 2008, at the 40th anniversary celebrations of "The Mother of All Demos" in San Francisco, a 90-minute 1968 presentation of the NLS computer system which was a combination of hardware and software that demonstrated many hypertext ideas.
Ted Nelson developed a model for creating and using linked content he called "hypertext" and "hypermedia".
- Milestones: 1990 - http:// | Tim Berners-Lee
info.cern.ch was the address of the world's first-ever website and web server, running on a NeXT computer at CERN. Published by Tim Berners-Lee, which described the project itself. Visitors could learn more about hypertext, technical details for creating their own webpage, and even an explanation on how to search the Web for information. There are no screenshots of this original page and, in any case, changes were made daily to the information available on the page as the WWW project developed.
Internet
- Early Milestones: 1969 - ARPANET | JCR Licklider
JCR Licklider, is particularly remembered for being one of the first to foresee modern-style interactive computing and its application to all manner of activities; and also, as an Internet pioneer with an early vision of a worldwide computer network long before it was built.
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early packet-switching network and the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. The ARPANET was initially founded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense.
- Milestones: 1975 - TCP/IP | Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn
TCP port 975 uses the Transmission Control Protocol. TCP is one of the main protocols in TCP/IP networks. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, it requires handshaking to set up end-to-end communications.
Networks
- Early Milestones: 1956 - SAGE | Dr. George Valley
The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) was a system of large computers and associated networking equipment that coordinated data from many radar sites and processed it to produce a single unified image of the airspace over a wide area.
- Milestones: 1973 - Ethernet | Robert Metcalfe
Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3.
Computers
- Early Milestones: Z3 1941 Konrad Zuse
The Z3 was a German electromechanical computer designed by Konrad Zuse. It was the world's first working programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2,600 relays, implementing a 22-bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 4–5 Hz. Program code was stored on punched film. Initial values were entered manually
- Milestones: 1976 - Apple | Jobs & Wozniak
Apple Computers, Inc. was founded on April 1, 1976, by college dropouts Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, who brought to the new company a vision of changing the way people viewed computers. Jobs and Wozniak wanted to make computers small enough for people to have them in their homes or offices.
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