Jump to content

List of examples of lengths

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Planets of the Solar System to scale

This is a list of examples of lengths, in metres in order to give an understanding of lengths.

Shorter than 1 ym

[edit]

1 ym to 1 zm

[edit]

1 zm to 1 am

[edit]

1 am to 1 fm

[edit]

1 fm to 1 pm

[edit]

1 picometre

[edit]

Lengths between 10−12 and 10−11 m (1 and 10 pm).

10 picometres

[edit]

Lengths between 10−11 and 10−10 m (10 pm and 100 pm).

100 picometres

[edit]

Lengths between 10−10 and 10−9 m (100 pm and 1 nm).

10 nanometres 1x10−9m

[edit]
Comparison of sizes of semiconductor manufacturing process nodes with some microscopic objects and visible light wavelengths. At this scale, the width of a human hair is about 10 times that of the image.[12]

To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10−8 and 10−7 m (10 and 100 nm).

  • 10 nm = 10 nanometres = 10−8 metres
  • 10 nm — lower size of tobacco smoke[13]
  • 10 nm Shortest extreme ultraviolet wavelength or longest X-ray wavelength[14]
  • 11 nm — the average half-pitch of a memory cell speculated to be manufactured in 2015.
  • 16 nm — technology is projected to be reached by semiconductor companies in the 2013 timeframe
  • 18 nm — diameter of tobacco mosaic virus[15] (Generally, viruses range in size from 20 nm to 450 nm.)[citation needed]
  • 20 nm — width of bacterial flagellum[16]
  • 20 nm to 80 nm — thickness of cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria[17]
  • 22 nm — Smallest feature size of production microprocessors in September 2009[18]
  • 22 nm — the average half-pitch of a memory cell expected to be manufactured at around the 2011–2011 time frame.
  • 30 nm — lower size of cooking oil smoke[13]
  • 32 nm — the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2009–2010 time frame.
  • 45 nm — the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2007–2008 time frame.
  • 50 nm — upper size for airborne virus particles[13]
  • 50 nm — flying height of the head of a hard disk[19]
  • 65 nm — the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2005–2006 time frame.
  • 90 nm — the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2002–2003 time frame.
  • 100 nm — larger than 90% of the particles of wood smoke[citation needed] (ranges from 7 to 3000 nanometres)[13]

100 nanometres

[edit]

Lengths between 10−7 and 10−6 m (100 nm and 1 μm).

  • 100 nm — greatest particle size that can fit through a surgical mask[20]
  • 100 nm — 90% of particles in wood smoke are smaller than this.[citation needed]
  • 120 nm — greatest particle size that can fit through a ULPA filter[citation needed]
  • 120 nm — diameter of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [21]
  • 125 nm — standard depth of pits on compact discs (width: 500 nm, length: 850 nm to 3.5 μm)
  • 180 nm — typical length of the rabies virus
  • 200 nm — typical size of a Mycoplasma bacterium, among the smallest bacteria
  • 300-400 nm — near ultraviolet wavelength
  • 300 nm — greatest particle size that can fit through a HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter (N100 removes up to 99.97% at 0.3 micrometres, N95 removes up to 95% at 0.3 micrometres)[citation needed]
  • 400–420 nm — wavelength of violet light
  • 420–440 nm — wavelength of indigo light
  • 440–500 nm — wavelength of blue light
  • 500–520 nm — wavelength of cyan light
  • 520–565 nm — wavelength of green light
  • 565–590 nm — wavelength of yellow light
  • 590–625 nm — wavelength of orange light
  • 625–700 nm — wavelength of red light
  • 700–1400 nm — wavelength of near-infrared radiation

1 micrometre

[edit]
A clickable mosaic of objects at scales within direct human experience, from the micrometric (10−6 m, top left) to the multi-kilometric (105 m, bottom right).

To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists some items with lengths between 10−6 and 10−5 m (between 1 and 10 micrometres, or μm).

10 micrometres

[edit]

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this page lists lengths between 10−5 and 10−4 m (10 μm and 100 μm).

100 micrometres

[edit]

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this page lists lengths between 10−4 and 10−3 m (100 μm and 1 mm).

  • 100 μm – 1/10 of a millimetre
  • 100 μm – 0.00394 inches
  • 100 μm – average diameter of a strand of human hair[27]
  • 100 μm – thickness of a coat of paint
  • 100 μm – length of a dust particle
  • 120 μm – diameter of a human ovum
  • 170 μm – length of the largest mammalian sperm cell (rat)[29]
  • 181 μm – maximum width of a strand of human hair[27]
  • 100–400 μm – length of Demodex mites living in human hair follicles
  • 200 μm – typical length of Paramecium caudatum, a ciliate protist
  • 250–300 μm – length of a dust mite[30]
  • 340 μm – length of a single pixel on a 17-inch monitor with a resolution of 1024×768
  • 500 μm – typical length of Amoeba proteus, an amoeboid protist
  • 500 μm – MEMS micro-engine[citation needed]
  • 560 μm - thickness of the central area of a human cornea[31]
  • 760 μm – thickness of a credit card

1 millimeter

[edit]

To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10−3 and 10−2 m (1 mm and 1 cm).

  • 1.0 mm — 1/1000 of a metre
  • 1.0 mm — 0.03937 inches or 5127 (exactly)
  • 1.0 mm — side of square of area 1 mm2
  • 1.0 mm — diameter of a pinhead
  • 1.5 mm — length of average flea
  • 2.54 mm — distance between pins on old DIP (dual-inline-package) electronic components
  • 5 mm — length of average red ant
  • 5.56×45mm NATO — standard ammunition size
  • 7.62×51mm NATO — common military ammunition size

1 centimeter

[edit]
A clickable mosaic of objects at scales within direct human experience, from the micrometric (10−6 m, top left) to the multi-kilometric (105 m, bottom right).

Lengths between 10−2 and 10−1 m (1 and 10 cm).

1 decimetre

[edit]

Lengths between 10 and 100 centimetres (10−1 and 1 metre).

Conversions

[edit]

10 centimetres (abbreviated to 10 cm) is equal to

Wavelengths

[edit]

Human-defined scales and structures

[edit]
  • 10.16 cm = 1.016 dm — 1 hand used in measuring height of horses (4 inches)
  • 12 cm = 1.2 dm — diameter of a Compact Disc (CD) (= 120 mm)
  • 15 cm = 1.5 dm — length of a Bic pen with cap on
  • 22 cm = 2.2 dm — diameter of a typical soccer ball
  • 30.48 cm = 3.048 dm — 1 foot
  • 30 cm = 3 dm — typical school-use ruler length (= 300 mm)
  • 60 cm = 6 dm — standard depth (front to back) of a domestic kitchen worktop in Europe (= 600 mm)
  • 90 cm = 9 dm — average length of a rapier, a fencing sword[35]
  • 91.44 cm = 9.144 dm — one yard
  • Cigarettes 100 mm (4 in) in length

Nature

[edit]

Longer

[edit]
  1. 1 metre
  2. 1 decametre
  3. 1 hectometre
  4. 1 kilometre
  5. 1 myriametre
  6. 100 kilometres
  7. 1 megametre
  8. 10 megametres
  9. 100 megametres

1 gigametre

[edit]
1 E6 m - Click on the relevant thumbnail image to jump to the desired order of length magnitude: left is 1e6m, right is 1e13m. Click on information icon bottom-left for description of image.1 E7 m1 E8 m1 E9 m1 E10 m1 E11 m1 E12 m1 E13 m1 E14 m1 E15 m1 E16 m1 E17 m
Click on the thumbnail image to jump to the desired order of length magnitude: top-left is 1e6m, lower-right is 1e17m. (Image description)
Upper part: Gamma Orionis, Algol B, the Sun (centre), underneath their darker mirror images (artist's interpretation), and other objects, to scale.

Lengths starting at 109 metres (1 gigametre (Gm) or 1 million kilometres).

Distances shorter than 109 metres

Longer

[edit]
  1. 10 gigametres
  2. 100 gigametres
  3. 1 terametre
  4. 10 terametres
  5. 100 terametres
  6. 1 light year
  7. 1 petametre
  8. 10 petametres
  9. 100 petametres
  10. 1 exametre
  11. 10 exametres
  12. 100 exametres
  13. 1 zettametre
  14. 10 zettametres
  15. 100 zettametres
  16. 1 yottametre
  17. 10 yottametres
  18. 100 yottametres
  19. 1 ronnametre
  20. 10 ronnametres
  21. 100 ronnametres
  22. 1 quettametre
  23. 10 quettametres
  24. 100 quettametres

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c m is an abbreviation of metre; cm of centimetre; dm of decimetre; m2 is short for square metre; m3 is short for cubic metre

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Nave, Carl R. "Cowan and Reines Neutrino Experiment". Retrieved 2008-12-04. (6.3×10−44 cm2, which gives an effective radius of about 2×10−23 m)
  2. ^ a b Nave, Carl R. "Neutron Absorption Cross-sections". Retrieved 2008-12-04. (area for 20 GeV about 1×10−41 m2 gives effective radius of about 2×10−21 m; for 250 GeV about 1.5×10−40 m2 gives effective radius of about 7×10−21 m)
  3. ^ Pohl, Randolf; Antognini, Aldo; Nez, François; Amaro, Fernando D.; Biraben, François; Cardoso, João M. R.; Covita, Daniel S.; Dax, Andreas; Dhawan, Satish; Fernandes, Luis M. P.; Giesen, Adolf; Graf, Thomas; Hänsch, Theodor W.; Indelicato, Paul; Julien, Lucile; Kao, Cheng-Yang; Knowles, Paul; Le Bigot, Eric-Olivier; Liu, Yi-Wei; Lopes, José A. M.; Ludhova, Livia; Cristina M. B. Monteiro; Mulhauser, Françoise; Nebel, Tobias; Rabinowitz, Paul; et al. (8 July 2010). "The size of the proton". Nature. 466 (7303): 213–216. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..213P. doi:10.1038/nature09250. PMID 20613837. S2CID 4424731.
  4. ^ a b Nave, Carl R. "Scattering Cross Section". Retrieved 2009-02-10.
  5. ^ NIST. CODATA Value: classical electron radius. Retrieved 2009-02-10
  6. ^ a b c Winter, Mark (2008). "WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements / Hydrogen / radii". Archived from the original on 18 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  7. ^ a b Winter, Mark (2008). "WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements / Helium / radii". Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  8. ^ "Research & Development World".
  9. ^ Winter, Mark (2008). "WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements / Sulfur / Radii". Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  10. ^ Winter, Mark (2008). "WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements / Periodicity / Van der Waals radius / periodicity". Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  11. ^ "Resolution of an Electron Microscope". Archived from the original on 2009-03-16. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
  12. ^ Smith, Graham T. (2002). Industrial metrology. Springer. pp. 253. ISBN 978-1-85233-507-6.
  13. ^ a b c d Annis, Patty J. October 1991. Kansas State University. Fine Particle POLLUTION. Figure 1. (tobacco smoke: 10 to 1000 nm; virus particles: 3 to 50 nm; bacteria: 30 to 30000 nm; cooking oil smoke: 30 to 30000 nm; wood smoke: 7 to 3000 nm)
  14. ^ Introduction to the Electromagnetic Spectrum and Spectroscopy
  15. ^ Stryer, Lubert (1988). Biochemistry. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-1843-X.
  16. ^ Kojima S, Blair D (2004). "The bacterial flagellar motor: structure and function of a complex molecular machine". Int Rev Cytol. International Review of Cytology. 233: 93–134. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(04)33003-2. ISBN 978-0-12-364637-8. PMID 15037363.
  17. ^ "2-25 The cell wall surrounds and holds in the microbe". MicrobiologyText.com. Archived from the original on 2016-06-12. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  18. ^ "Moore's Law Marches on at Intel". www.physorg.com. Retrieved 2009-09-21.
  19. ^ "Hard drive basics: Capacities, RPM speeds, interfaces and mechanics". Help With PCs.
  20. ^ Electrospray versus Nebulization for Aerosolization and Filter Testing with Bacteriophage Particles. Aerosol Science and Technology, Volume 43, Issue 4 April 2009, pages 298 - 304.
  21. ^ Sinha, Sanjeev; Bhoveshwaranath, G; Gupta, Sneha (18 November 2009). "Antiretroviral Drugs and Drug Therapy of HIV/AIDS". In Seth, SD; Seth, Vimlesh (eds.). Textbook Of Pharmacology. Elsevier India. p. X.111. ISBN 9788131211588.
  22. ^ Smith, D.J. (2009). "Human sperm accumulation near surfaces: a simulation study" (PDF). Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 621: 295. Bibcode:2009JFM...621..289S. doi:10.1017/S0022112008004953. S2CID 3942426. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  23. ^ DNA From The Beginning, section 6: Genes are real things., "Amination" section, final slide
  24. ^ Ramel, Gordon. "Spider Silk". Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-04. garden spider silk has a diameter of about 0.003 mm ... Dragline silk (about .00032 inch (.008 mm) in Nephila)
  25. ^ a b IST - Innovative Sintering Technologies Ltd. "Fibreshape applications". Retrieved 2008-12-04. Histogram of cotton thickness
  26. ^ Lippmann, Morton (2000). Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects. John Wiley and Sons. p. 453. ISBN 0-471-29298-2. Retrieved 2008-12-04. 20 μm .. 5 μm
  27. ^ a b c The diameter of a human hair ranges from 17 to 181 μm. Ley, Brian (1999). Elert, Glenn (ed.). "Diameter of a human hair". The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 2018-12-08.
  28. ^ "Apple – iPhone 4S – See everything clearly with the Retina display". Apple Inc. Official Website. Apple Inc. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
  29. ^ Lindemann, Charles. "Sperm Facts". Dr. Charles Lindmann's Lab. Oakland University.
  30. ^ Lyon, William F. "House Dust Mites". Ohio State University Extension. HYG-2157-97. Archived from the original on 2 November 2001.
  31. ^ Liu, Z.; Huang, A. J.; Pflugfelder, S. C. (July 1999). "Evaluation of corneal thickness and topography in normal eyes using the Orbscan corneal topography system". Br J Ophthalmol. 83 (7): 774–8. doi:10.1136/bjo.83.7.774. PMC 1723104. PMID 10381661.
  32. ^ "USGA: Guide to the Rules on Clubs and Balls". USGA. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  33. ^ "Official Rules". MLB. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  34. ^ "Credit Card Dimensions". Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  35. ^ "What is a rapier: A sword collecting beginners' guide to collectible rapiers". Archived from the original on 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2013-01-25.
  36. ^ Kinloch, Bohun B. Jr. & Scheuner, William H. "Pinus lambertiana". Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
  37. ^ Sun Fact Sheet
  38. ^ Neuroscience: The Science of the Brain "IBRO Brain Campaign". Archived from the original on 2011-02-02. Retrieved 2011-06-08. p.44