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List of formal systems

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of formal systems, also known as logical calculi.

Mathematical

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  • Functional calculus, a way to apply various types of functions to operators
  • Matrix calculus, a specialized notation for multivariable calculus over spaces of matrices
  • Umbral calculus, the combinatorics of certain operations on polynomials
  • Vector calculus (also called vector analysis), comprising specialized notations for multivariable analysis of vectors in an inner-product space

Logical

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  • Modal μ-calculus, a common temporal logic used by formal verification methods such as model checking
  • Lambda calculus, a formulation of the theory of reflexive functions that has deep connections to computational theory
    • Kappa calculus, a reformulation of the first-order fragment of typed lambda calculus
    • Rho calculus, introduced as a general means to uniformly integrate rewriting into lambda calculus
  • Process calculus, a set of approaches to formulating formal models of concurrent systems
    • Ambient calculus, a family of models for concurrent systems based on the concept of agent mobility
    • Join calculus, a theoretical model for the design of distributed programming languages
    • π-calculus, a formulation of the theory of concurrent, communicating processes, that was invented by Robin Milner
  • Relational calculus, a calculus for the relational data model
  • Refinement calculus, a way of refining models of programs into efficient programs

Other formal systems

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  • Formal ethics – formal logical system for describing and evaluating the "form" as opposed to the "content" of ethical principles

Music is a formal system too. Please have editors illuminate on this.

See also

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