Firebase Cloud Messaging 提供了以下两种将消息发送至多台设备的方法:
本教程主要介绍如何使用 Admin SDK 或 FCM REST API 从应用服务器发送主题消息,并在 Web 应用中接收和处理此��消息。内容���������台应用和前台应用的消息处理方式。
设置 SDK
如果您已设置了 FCM JavaScript 客户端应用,或已经完成接收消息所需执行的步骤,您可能已经完成了本部分的一些步骤。
添加并初始化 FCM SDK
如果您尚未安装 Firebase JS SDK 并初始化 Firebase,请先安装并进行初始化。
添加 Firebase Cloud Messaging JS SDK 并初始化 Firebase Cloud Messaging:
Web version 9
import { initializeApp } from "firebase/app"; import { getMessaging } from "firebase/messaging"; // TODO: Replace the following with your app's Firebase project configuration // See: https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/learn-more#config-object const firebaseConfig = { // ... }; // Initialize Firebase const app = initializeApp(firebaseConfig); // Initialize Firebase Cloud Messaging and get a reference to the service const messaging = getMessaging(app);
Web version 8
import firebase from "firebase/app"; import "firebase/messaging"; // TODO: Replace the following with your app's Firebase project configuration // See: https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/learn-more#config-object const firebaseConfig = { // ... }; // Initialize Firebase firebase.initializeApp(firebaseConfig); // Initialize Firebase Cloud Messaging and get a reference to the service const messaging = firebase.messaging();
获取注册令牌
如果您需要检索应用实例的当前注册令牌,请先使用 Notification.requestPermission()
向用户请求通知权限。按如下所示进行调用时,如果已授予权限,此函数会返回令牌;或者,如果已拒绝权限,此函数会拒绝 promise:
function requestPermission() { console.log('Requesting permission...'); Notification.requestPermission().then((permission) => { if (permission === 'granted') { console.log('Notification permission granted.');
FCM 需要 firebase-messaging-sw.js
文件。除非您已经有 firebase-messaging-sw.js
文件,否则请创建一个使用该名称的空文件,并在检索令牌之前将该文件放在您网域的根目录中。您可以在后面的客户端设置流程中向该文件添加有意义的内容。
如需检索当前令牌,请参考以下代码:
Web version 9
import { getMessaging, getToken } from "firebase/messaging"; // Get registration token. Initially this makes a network call, once retrieved // subsequent calls to getToken will return from cache. const messaging = getMessaging(); getToken(messaging, { vapidKey: '<YOUR_PUBLIC_VAPID_KEY_HERE>' }).then((currentToken) => { if (currentToken) { // Send the token to your server and update the UI if necessary // ... } else { // Show permission request UI console.log('No registration token available. Request permission to generate one.'); // ... } }).catch((err) => { console.log('An error occurred while retrieving token. ', err); // ... });
Web version 8
// Get registration token. Initially this makes a network call, once retrieved // subsequent calls to getToken will return from cache. messaging.getToken({ vapidKey: '<YOUR_PUBLIC_VAPID_KEY_HERE>' }).then((currentToken) => { if (currentToken) { // Send the token to your server and update the UI if necessary // ... } else { // Show permission request UI console.log('No registration token available. Request permission to generate one.'); // ... } }).catch((err) => { console.log('An error occurred while retrieving token. ', err); // ... });
获取令牌后,将其发送到您的应用服务器,并使用您首选的方法进行存储。
为客户端应用订阅主题
您可以将一个注册令牌列表传递给 Firebase Admin SDK 订阅方法,以便为相应的多台设备订阅主题:
Node.js
// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
const registrationTokens = [
'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1',
// ...
'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n'
];
// Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the
// topic.
getMessaging().subscribeToTopic(registrationTokens, topic)
.then((response) => {
// See the MessagingTopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
console.log('Successfully subscribed to topic:', response);
})
.catch((error) => {
console.log('Error subscribing to topic:', error);
});
Java
// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
List<String> registrationTokens = Arrays.asList(
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
// ...
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n"
);
// Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the
// topic.
TopicManagementResponse response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().subscribeToTopic(
registrationTokens, topic);
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
System.out.println(response.getSuccessCount() + " tokens were subscribed successfully");
Python
# These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
registration_tokens = [
'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1',
# ...
'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n',
]
# Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the
# topic.
response = messaging.subscribe_to_topic(registration_tokens, topic)
# See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
# for the contents of response.
print(response.success_count, 'tokens were subscribed successfully')
Go
// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
registrationTokens := []string{
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
// ...
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n",
}
// Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the
// topic.
response, err := client.SubscribeToTopic(ctx, registrationTokens, topic)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
fmt.Println(response.SuccessCount, "tokens were subscribed successfully")
C#
// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
var registrationTokens = new List<string>()
{
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
// ...
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n",
};
// Subscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens to the
// topic
var response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SubscribeToTopicAsync(
registrationTokens, topic);
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
Console.WriteLine($"{response.SuccessCount} tokens were subscribed successfully");
利用 Admin FCM API,您还可以将注册令牌传递给相应的方法,来为设备退订主题:
Node.js
// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
const registrationTokens = [
'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1',
// ...
'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n'
];
// Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from
// the topic.
getMessaging().unsubscribeFromTopic(registrationTokens, topic)
.then((response) => {
// See the MessagingTopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
console.log('Successfully unsubscribed from topic:', response);
})
.catch((error) => {
console.log('Error unsubscribing from topic:', error);
});
Java
// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
List<String> registrationTokens = Arrays.asList(
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
// ...
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n"
);
// Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from
// the topic.
TopicManagementResponse response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().unsubscribeFromTopic(
registrationTokens, topic);
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
System.out.println(response.getSuccessCount() + " tokens were unsubscribed successfully");
Python
# These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
registration_tokens = [
'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1',
# ...
'YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n',
]
# Unubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from the
# topic.
response = messaging.unsubscribe_from_topic(registration_tokens, topic)
# See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
# for the contents of response.
print(response.success_count, 'tokens were unsubscribed successfully')
Go
// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
registrationTokens := []string{
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
// ...
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n",
}
// Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from
// the topic.
response, err := client.UnsubscribeFromTopic(ctx, registrationTokens, topic)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
fmt.Println(response.SuccessCount, "tokens were unsubscribed successfully")
C#
// These registration tokens come from the client FCM SDKs.
var registrationTokens = new List<string>()
{
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_1",
// ...
"YOUR_REGISTRATION_TOKEN_n",
};
// Unsubscribe the devices corresponding to the registration tokens from the
// topic
var response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.UnsubscribeFromTopicAsync(
registrationTokens, topic);
// See the TopicManagementResponse reference documentation
// for the contents of response.
Console.WriteLine($"{response.SuccessCount} tokens were unsubscribed successfully");
subscribeToTopic()
和 unsubscribeFromTopic()
方法会返回一个包含 FCM 响应的对象。无论请求中指定的注册令牌的数量是多少,返回类型的格式都是相同的。
如果出现错误(身份验证失败、令牌或主题无效等),这些方法会返回错误。如需查看错误代码的完整列表(包括说明和解决步骤),请参阅 Admin FCM API 错误。
接收和处理主题消息
消息的行为取决于页面是位于前台(焦点所在)、位于后台、隐藏在其他标签页后,还是完全关闭。无论哪种情况,页面都必须处理 onMessage
回调;当页面位于后台时,您可能还需要处理 onBackgroundMessage
或配置显示通知,以便用户将您的 Web 应用调到前台。
应用状态 | 通知 | 数据 | 两者皆有 |
---|---|---|---|
前台 | onMessage |
onMessage |
onMessage |
后台 (Service Worker) | onBackgroundMessage (自动出现显示通知) |
onBackgroundMessage |
onBackgroundMessage (自动出现显示通知) |
在 Web 应用位于前台时处理消息
为接收 onMessage
事件,您的应用必须在 firebase-messaging-sw.js
中定义 Firebase 消息传递的 Service Worker。或者,您可以通过 getToken(): Promise<string>
向 SDK 提供现有的 Service Worker。
Web version 9
import { initializeApp } from "firebase/app"; import { getMessaging } from "firebase/messaging/sw"; // Initialize the Firebase app in the service worker by passing in // your app's Firebase config object. // https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup#config-object const firebaseApp = initializeApp({ apiKey: 'api-key', authDomain: 'project-id.firebaseapp.com', databaseURL: 'https://project-id.firebaseio.com', projectId: 'project-id', storageBucket: 'project-id.appspot.com', messagingSenderId: 'sender-id', appId: 'app-id', measurementId: 'G-measurement-id', }); // Retrieve an instance of Firebase Messaging so that it can handle background // messages. const messaging = getMessaging(firebaseApp);
Web version 8
// Give the service worker access to Firebase Messaging. // Note that you can only use Firebase Messaging here. Other Firebase libraries // are not available in the service worker. importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/8.10.0/firebase-app.js'); importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/8.10.0/firebase-messaging.js'); // Initialize the Firebase app in the service worker by passing in // your app's Firebase config object. // https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup#config-object firebase.initializeApp({ apiKey: 'api-key', authDomain: 'project-id.firebaseapp.com', databaseURL: 'https://project-id.firebaseio.com', projectId: 'project-id', storageBucket: 'project-id.appspot.com', messagingSenderId: 'sender-id', appId: 'app-id', measurementId: 'G-measurement-id', }); // Retrieve an instance of Firebase Messaging so that it can handle background // messages. const messaging = firebase.messaging();
当您的应用位于前台时(用户当前正在查看您的网页),您可以直接在页面中接收数据和通知载荷。
Web version 9
// Handle incoming messages. Called when: // - a message is received while the app has focus // - the user clicks on an app notification created by a service worker // `messaging.onBackgroundMessage` handler. import { getMessaging, onMessage } from "firebase/messaging"; const messaging = getMessaging(); onMessage(messaging, (payload) => { console.log('Message received. ', payload); // ... });
Web version 8
// Handle incoming messages. Called when: // - a message is received while the app has focus // - the user clicks on an app notification created by a service worker // `messaging.onBackgroundMessage` handler. messaging.onMessage((payload) => { console.log('Message received. ', payload); // ... });
在 Web 应用位于后台时处理消息
当应用位于后台时,收到的所有消息都会触发浏览器中的显示通知 (display notification)。您可以在来自应用服务器的发送请求 (send request) 中,也可以使用客户端上的 Service Worker 逻辑,来指定用于此通知的选项(如标题或点击操作)。
在发送请求中设置通知选项
对于从应用服务器发送的通知消息,FCM JavaScript API 支持 fcm_options.link
键。通常情况下,此键会被设置为 Web 应用中的某一页面:
https://fcm.googleapis.com//v1/projects/<YOUR-PROJECT-ID>/messages:send
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: bearer <YOUR-ACCESS-TOKEN>
{
"message": {
"topic": "matchday",
"notification": {
"title": "Background Message Title",
"body": "Background message body"
},
"webpush": {
"fcm_options": {
"link": "https://dummypage.com"
}
}
}
}
如果链接值指向已在某个浏览器标签页中打开的页面,那么当用户点击通知时,系统会将该���签页调到前台。 如果相应页面尚未打开,那么当用户点击通知时,系统会在一个新标签页中打开该页面。
由于数据消息不支持 fcm_options.link
,因此我们建议您在所有数据消息中都添加通知载荷。或者,您也可以使用 Service Worker 处理通知。
如需详细了解通知消息与数据消息之间的区别,请参阅消息类型。
在 Service Worker 中设置通知选项
对于数据消息,您可以在 Service Worker 中设置通知选项。 首先,在 Service Worker 中初始化您的应用:
Web version 9
import { initializeApp } from "firebase/app"; import { getMessaging } from "firebase/messaging/sw"; // Initialize the Firebase app in the service worker by passing in // your app's Firebase config object. // https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup#config-object const firebaseApp = initializeApp({ apiKey: 'api-key', authDomain: 'project-id.firebaseapp.com', databaseURL: 'https://project-id.firebaseio.com', projectId: 'project-id', storageBucket: 'project-id.appspot.com', messagingSenderId: 'sender-id', appId: 'app-id', measurementId: 'G-measurement-id', }); // Retrieve an instance of Firebase Messaging so that it can handle background // messages. const messaging = getMessaging(firebaseApp);
Web version 8
// Give the service worker access to Firebase Messaging. // Note that you can only use Firebase Messaging here. Other Firebase libraries // are not available in the service worker. importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/8.10.0/firebase-app.js'); importScripts('https://www.gstatic.com/firebasejs/8.10.0/firebase-messaging.js'); // Initialize the Firebase app in the service worker by passing in // your app's Firebase config object. // https://firebase.google.com/docs/web/setup#config-object firebase.initializeApp({ apiKey: 'api-key', authDomain: 'project-id.firebaseapp.com', databaseURL: 'https://project-id.firebaseio.com', projectId: 'project-id', storageBucket: 'project-id.appspot.com', messagingSenderId: 'sender-id', appId: 'app-id', measurementId: 'G-measurement-id', }); // Retrieve an instance of Firebase Messaging so that it can handle background // messages. const messaging = firebase.messaging();
如需设置选项,请在 firebase-messaging-sw.js
中调用 onBackgroundMessage
。在本示例中,我们将创建一个包含标题、正文和图标字段的通知。
Web version 9
import { getMessaging } from "firebase/messaging"; import { onBackgroundMessage } from "firebase/messaging/sw"; const messaging = getMessaging(); onBackgroundMessage(messaging, (payload) => { console.log('[firebase-messaging-sw.js] Received background message ', payload); // Customize notification here const notificationTitle = 'Background Message Title'; const notificationOptions = { body: 'Background Message body.', icon: '/firebase-logo.png' }; self.registration.showNotification(notificationTitle, notificationOptions); });
Web version 8
messaging.onBackgroundMessage((payload) => { console.log('[firebase-messaging-sw.js] Received background message ', payload); // Customize notification here const notificationTitle = 'Background Message Title'; const notificationOptions = { body: 'Background Message body.', icon: '/firebase-logo.png' }; self.registration.showNotification(notificationTitle, notificationOptions); });
构建发送请求
创建主题后,您可以通过两种方法向主题发送消息:一是在客户端为客户端应用实例订阅该主题,二是使用服务器 API。如果您是首次构建 FCM 发送请求,请参阅您的服务器环境和 FCM 指南,了解重要的背景信息和设置信息。
在后端的发送逻辑中,按如下所述的方式指定所需的主题名称:
Node.js
// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/".
const topic = 'highScores';
const message = {
data: {
score: '850',
time: '2:45'
},
topic: topic
};
// Send a message to devices subscribed to the provided topic.
getMessaging().send(message)
.then((response) => {
// Response is a message ID string.
console.log('Successfully sent message:', response);
})
.catch((error) => {
console.log('Error sending message:', error);
});
Java
// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/".
String topic = "highScores";
// See documentation on defining a message payload.
Message message = Message.builder()
.putData("score", "850")
.putData("time", "2:45")
.setTopic(topic)
.build();
// Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic.
String response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().send(message);
// Response is a message ID string.
System.out.println("Successfully sent message: " + response);
Python
# The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/".
topic = 'highScores'
# See documentation on defining a message payload.
message = messaging.Message(
data={
'score': '850',
'time': '2:45',
},
topic=topic,
)
# Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic.
response = messaging.send(message)
# Response is a message ID string.
print('Successfully sent message:', response)
Go
// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/".
topic := "highScores"
// See documentation on defining a message payload.
message := &messaging.Message{
Data: map[string]string{
"score": "850",
"time": "2:45",
},
Topic: topic,
}
// Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic.
response, err := client.Send(ctx, message)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
// Response is a message ID string.
fmt.Println("Successfully sent message:", response)
C#
// The topic name can be optionally prefixed with "/topics/".
var topic = "highScores";
// See documentation on defining a message payload.
var message = new Message()
{
Data = new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{ "score", "850" },
{ "time", "2:45" },
},
Topic = topic,
};
// Send a message to the devices subscribed to the provided topic.
string response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SendAsync(message);
// Response is a message ID string.
Console.WriteLine("Successfully sent message: " + response);
REST
POST https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA
{
"message":{
"topic" : "foo-bar",
"notification" : {
"body" : "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!",
"title" : "FCM Message"
}
}
}
cURL 命令:
curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"message": {
"topic" : "foo-bar",
"notification": {
"body": "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!",
"title": "FCM Message"
}
}
}' https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1
如需向主题组合发送消息,请指定一个条件,该条件是一个指定目标主题的布尔表达式。例如,如需向既订阅了 TopicA
又订阅了 TopicB
或 TopicC
的设备发送消息,请设置如下条件:
"'TopicA' in topics && ('TopicB' in topics || 'TopicC' in topics)"
FCM 首先对括号中的所有条件求值,然后从左至右对表达式求值。在上述表达式中,只订阅了其中某个主题的用户将不会接收到消息。同样地,未订阅 TopicA
的用户也不会接收到消息。订阅下列组合的用户才会接收到消息:
TopicA
和TopicB
TopicA
和TopicC
您最多可以在条件表达式中包含五个主题。
根据条件发送消息:
Node.js
// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed
// to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics.
const condition = '\'stock-GOOG\' in topics || \'industry-tech\' in topics';
// See documentation on defining a message payload.
const message = {
notification: {
title: '$FooCorp up 1.43% on the day',
body: '$FooCorp gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.'
},
condition: condition
};
// Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics
// specified by the provided condition.
getMessaging().send(message)
.then((response) => {
// Response is a message ID string.
console.log('Successfully sent message:', response);
})
.catch((error) => {
console.log('Error sending message:', error);
});
Java
// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed
// to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics.
String condition = "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics";
// See documentation on defining a message payload.
Message message = Message.builder()
.setNotification(Notification.builder()
.setTitle("$GOOG up 1.43% on the day")
.setBody("$GOOG gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.")
.build())
.setCondition(condition)
.build();
// Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics
// specified by the provided condition.
String response = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().send(message);
// Response is a message ID string.
System.out.println("Successfully sent message: " + response);
Python
# Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed
# to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics.
condition = "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics"
# See documentation on defining a message payload.
message = messaging.Message(
notification=messaging.Notification(
title='$GOOG up 1.43% on the day',
body='$GOOG gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.',
),
condition=condition,
)
# Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics
# specified by the provided condition.
response = messaging.send(message)
# Response is a message ID string.
print('Successfully sent message:', response)
Go
// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed
// to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics.
condition := "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics"
// See documentation on defining a message payload.
message := &messaging.Message{
Data: map[string]string{
"score": "850",
"time": "2:45",
},
Condition: condition,
}
// Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics
// specified by the provided condition.
response, err := client.Send(ctx, message)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
// Response is a message ID string.
fmt.Println("Successfully sent message:", response)
C#
// Define a condition which will send to devices which are subscribed
// to either the Google stock or the tech industry topics.
var condition = "'stock-GOOG' in topics || 'industry-tech' in topics";
// See documentation on defining a message payload.
var message = new Message()
{
Notification = new Notification()
{
Title = "$GOOG up 1.43% on the day",
Body = "$GOOG gained 11.80 points to close at 835.67, up 1.43% on the day.",
},
Condition = condition,
};
// Send a message to devices subscribed to the combination of topics
// specified by the provided condition.
string response = await FirebaseMessaging.DefaultInstance.SendAsync(message);
// Response is a message ID string.
Console.WriteLine("Successfully sent message: " + response);
REST
POST https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA
{
"message":{
"condition": "'dogs' in topics || 'cats' in topics",
"notification" : {
"body" : "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!",
"title" : "FCM Message",
}
}
}
cURL 命令:
curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...HnS_uNreA" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"notification": {
"title": "FCM Message",
"body": "This is a Firebase Cloud Messaging Topic Message!",
},
"condition": "'dogs' in topics || 'cats' in topics"
}' https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1
将 Web 推送属性添加到通知载荷
借助 HTTP v1 API,您可以将其他通知选项指定为包含 Web Notification API 中任何有效属性的 JSON 对象。此对象中的 title
和 body
字段(如果存在)会替换等效的 google.firebase.fcm.v1.Notification.title
和 google.firebase.fcm.v1.Notification.body
字段。
HTTP POST 请求
POST https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...PbJ_uNasm
{
"message": {
"token" : <token of destination app>,
"notification": {
"title": "FCM Message",
"body": "This is a message from FCM"
},
"webpush": {
"headers": {
"Urgency": "high"
},
"notification": {
"body": "This is a message from FCM to web",
"requireInteraction": "true",
"badge": "/badge-icon.png"
}
}
}
}
通过此请求,目标 Web 客户端(包括在 Android 上运行的受支持的浏览器)将收到高优先级的通知消息,并在用户与其互动之前一直保持有效状态。它包含以下字段:
- 标题:FCM 消息
- 正文:这是从 FCM 向 Web 发送的消息
- RequireInteraction:true
- 标志:/badge-icon.png
Android 和 Apple 原生应用(Web 替换设置不适用于这些应用)将收到普通优先级的通知消息,其中包含以下字段:
- 标题:FCM 消息
- 正文:从 FCM 发送的消息
请注意,目前仅有部分浏览器支持 RequireInteraction
。开发者应查看 Web Notification API 规范以验证平台和浏览器的支持情况。
cURL
curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.ElqKBGN2Ri_Uz...PbJ_uNasm" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
"message": {
"token": "bk3RNwTe3H0:CI2k_HHwgIpoDKCIZvvDMExUdFQ3P1..."
"notification": {
"title": "FCM Message",
"body": "This is a message from FCM"
},
"webpush": {
"headers": {
"Urgency": "high"
},
"notification": {
"body": "This is a message from FCM to web",
"requireInteraction": "true",
"badge": "/badge-icon.png"
}
}
}
}' "https://fcm.googleapis.com/v1/projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages:send"
HTTP 响应
{
"name": "projects/myproject-b5ae1/messages/0:1500415314455276%31bd1c9631bd1c98"
}
请参阅构建应用服务器发送请求以详细了解 FCM 消息。