- Definition and Purpose of Computer Networks
- History and Evolution of Networking
- Types of Networks
- Local Area Networks (LAN)
- Wide Area Networks (WAN)
- Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
- Personal Area Networks (PAN)
- The Internet
- OSI Model
- Layers and Functions
- Protocols at Each Layer
- TCP/IP Model
- Layers and Functions
- Protocols at Each Layer
- Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP Models
- Functions of the Physical Layer
- Transmission Media
- Wired Media: Twisted Pair, Coaxial Cable, Fiber Optics
- Wireless Media: Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared
- Network Devices: Hubs, Repeaters
- Functions of the Data Link Layer
- Framing and Error Detection
- Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
- Parity Bits
- Media Access Control (MAC)
- MAC Addresses
- Ethernet
- Token Ring
- Switches and Bridges
- Functions of the Network Layer
- IP Addressing and Subnetting
- IPv4 and IPv6
- Subnet Masks
- CIDR Notation
- Routing
- Routing Algorithms
- Distance Vector
- Link State
- Routing Protocols
- RIP, OSPF, BGP
- Routing Algorithms
- Network Devices: Routers
- Functions of the Transport Layer
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- Connection Establishment and Termination
- Flow Control
- Congestion Control
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- Characteristics and Use Cases
- Transport Layer Protocols in Practice
- Functions of the Application Layer
- Common Application Layer Protocols
- HTTP/HTTPS
- FTP
- SMTP/POP3/IMAP
- DNS
- DHCP
- Network Services and Applications
- Importance of Network Security
- Security Threats and Vulnerabilities
- Malware, Phishing, Man-in-the-Middle, DDoS
- Cryptography
- Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption
- Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
- Network Security Measures
- Firewalls
- Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS)
- VPNs
- Basics of Wireless Communication
- Wireless Network Standards
- IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)
- Bluetooth
- Zigbee
- Cellular Networks (4G, 5G)
- Wireless Security
- Wireless Network Design and Deployment
- Network Management Protocols
- SNMP
- ICMP
- Network Monitoring Tools
- Performance Metrics and Optimization
- Network Troubleshooting
- Concepts of Network Virtualization
- Benefits of Network Virtualization
- SDN Architecture
- Control Plane and Data Plane Separation
- SDN Controllers
- Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
- Basics of Cloud Computing
- Cloud Service Models
- IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
- Cloud Networking Architectures
- Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
- Cloud Security and Compliance
- Overview of IoT
- IoT Network Architectures
- IoT Protocols
- MQTT, CoAP, AMQP
- Security in IoT Networks
- Applications of IoT
- 5G and Beyond
- Quantum Networking
- Network Automation and AI
- Edge Computing
- Blockchain in Networking
- Enterprise Network Design
- Data Center Networking
- Content Delivery Networks (CDN)
- Smart Cities
- Autonomous Vehicles Networking
- Trends in Network Technologies
- Research Challenges in Networking
- Future of the Internet
- Impact of Emerging Technologies on Networking