[dcmtk] Detect failing find_package command

[kevle]

Fixes #38476

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide.
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download.
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version.
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

[kevle]

The upstream package detection logic will silently disable features when find_package is not successful in locating the package, this PR tries to make failure visible in CI.

Conan has implemented a similar patch: conan-io/conan-center-index@537270a#diff-830f024c7e10cb4d4700e51f47d6d81ee7e1043aad772b91c943f14d8cda64a2

I am still trying to reproduce #38476 in order to verify that this PR will actually resolve the issue.

[dg0yt]

Instead of using a patch, this could be mostly solved from the portfile by adding

    <feature>    CMAKE_REQUIRE_FIND_PACKAGE_<Pkg>

to vcpkg_check_features.
(And probably they also need to be added to the maybe-unused list.)